FRESHMAN COMPOSITION, RHETORIC, GRAMMAR II
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INTRO. TO LITERARY RESEARCH & WRITING
INSTRUCTOR: James Maxfield
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FRESHMAN COMPOSITION, RHETORIC, GRAMMAR II&INTRO. TO LITERARY RESEARCH & WRITINGINSTRUCTOR: James Maxfield
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English 1010 James Maxfield, Instructor Introduction to Argument, Persuasion, and Logical Fallacies The goals of Argument can be to entertain and inform the reader, but more often to persuade the reader to accept or at least listen to your opinion. The use of Argument in writing is based upon classical reasoning and logic, and some arguments can appear very formal or the logic can be subtly disguised within the context of the writer’s main points, evidence, and discussion. Term papers and most essays will be written as arguments intended to persuade the reader that the writer’s interpretation or main point is correct or valid. A valid argument is one in which the conclusion is the natural extension of the facts and other supporting evidence. All of the rhetorical modes we have learned thus far will be used in supporting your arguments in essays and future term papers. Argument writing makes appeals to the reader: Appeals of Reputation (ethos) of the writer, events, or history Appeals of Emotion (pathos)–appealing to the reader’s emotions or sense of fairness Appeals of Logic (logos)—using logical argument structures and techniques Arguments using well-defined and well-structured logical premises and conclusions are the most effective way to persuade the reader. To persuade the reader that your argument is valid, you must: --clearly state your issue --develop ample and valid support for your main points --establish an objective and rational tone of authorial voice --avoid errors in your logic (logical fallacies or faulty arguments) --provide a sound arrangement (usually emphatic—strongest evidence last) Note: In persuasive writing, in order to receive a superior grade, your thesis and position must be stated very clearly, and you must write on a topic with multiple issues and points of view using insightful, persuasive, and logical reasoning based on your critical analysis. Remember!!! to look at your argument topic from both sides of the issue and to discuss the opposing points of view. Made sure you appropriately document (per MLA format) any sources used for your facts or other evidence. Facts or other third party evidence which are not documented cannot be used in your argument or persuasive essays and term papers. |
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